Automotive Production Levels Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Automotive Production Levels - Research Paper Example The quantity demanded for Toyota’s automobiles depends firstly on the price, but also on the consumer preferences, prices of other automobiles’ manufacturers, and income (Gravelle & Rees, 2004). As it can be seen from the graph, where the relation between quantity demanded and price is represented, a higher price tends to reduce the quantity people demand, whereas a lower price tends to increase it. In what concerns the quantity produced, it is a function of the price, factors of production, e.g., capital, labor, technology, and number of competitors (Gravelle & Rees, 2004). As the graph presents, there is a direct relation between price and quantity produced so a higher price tends to increase the quantity produced, whereas a lower price tends to decrease it. The equilibrium price and quantity occurs when the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied are equal. On the graph, it is the point of intersection of Qd (quantity demanded) and Qs (quantity supplied). Solving the two equations for Qd and Qs we obtain the following equilibrium point: The equilibrium point is above the current production level and price charged by the company, which are Q= 2236162 units and P=2.43 million yen. Taking into consideration that the level of production has increased compared with the quarter of the previous year (as shown in Fig. 2), the management of Toyota should continue this trend of increasing the number of units produced in order to arrive at the equilibrium point. As it can be seen, this coefficient is higher than one so it can be said that demand for Toyota’s vehicles is elastic. Taking this into account, management of the company should analyze many factors before considering increasing the price of its products because the demand for the automobiles is very sensitive to price changes. Let us assume that the elasticity of demand calculated above

Narrative In The Sixth Sense Film Studies Essay

Narrative In The Sixth Sense Film Studies Essay A films narrative is quite a vital element to any film, without a good narrative we are left with a jumbled piece of film that does not adhere to a plausible chain of events, leaving us the viewer with no sense of the writer or directors intention. Our initial narrative expectations before we view this film clip ( 06:35 11:35) would have been limited at the time of the films release. The reason for this is that the film The Sixth Sense (1998) was the Writer/Director M.Night.Shyalamans first real major mainstream film. However being just over ten years since it was released, we are now more familiar with his narrative style, for example we are more aware that there is going to be some kind of plot twist in a thrilling/ supernatural or even mild horror format. Also for this particular film clip the previews give us a clear indication that the film is a supernatural thriller, from the hushed tone of voice to the cold beats between dialogue, that lead us up the path of conclusion. This particular five minute sequence begins with the protagonist (Malcolm) and his wife entering their bedroom, slightly intoxicated having just celebrated together, setting up a feeling of safety and security that most associate with retiring to the bedroom. This feeling is instantly subdued by the directors decision to input the sound of the phone beeping, having been knocked off its receiver it gives us a real sense of emergency that helps the viewer to relate to the situation immediately. Having now set the situation that leads to Malcolm being shot, and unknowingly to the viewer, killed. Shyalaman has created a catalyst for the films progression, although unlike a typical detective films narrative such as Sherlock Holmes, which tend to be more omniscient, we are not aware of the true facts that are occurring, so we are unable to begin piecing the plot together. Thus unusually we do not realise just how pivotal this five minute scene is at the time. With most other films we are i nvited to piece together clues slowly until we discover the truth, normally around the same time as the protagonist, Bordwell and Thompson note: We make sense of narrative, then, by identifying its events and linking them by cause and effect, time, and space. As viewers, we do other things as well. We often infer events that are not explicitly presented, and we recognize the presence of material that is extraneous to the story world. In order to describe how we manage to do these things, we can draw distinction between story and plot. (Bordwell Thompson, Pg 80). This I feel is a well organised, intentional event that the director chose to do, increasing the impact of the affect at the end of the film (even if Shyalaman later admitted that Malcolm actually being dead, was not added until the fifth draft of the films script). The only information we are privy to as a viewer in this clip, is the story duration which takes us back ten years to 1989, it is the events from the protagonists past that have a major connection with what is happening in the present and it is this story progression that we actually see, although the plot point itself is disguised as a fade to black into the next scene, revealing that Malcolm is seemingly alive and well with the written legend Next Fall, South Philadelphia. But Secretly the narrative has changed, the character that has acted as an agent and made this change possible is Vincent Gray, it is his emotional issues related to his childhood that connected him with Malcolm that ultimately leads to the event that takes place, subsequently altering the potential path of the protagonist. The spacing of such events are well defined, as in such a short amount of screen time we are exposed to the the back story dating back ten years, gradually building the story until we reach the plot point at the end of the clip. Finally establishing the mood of the film and creating its supernatural tone, which typically of Shyalamans style, frequently tends to have Philadelphia as its backdrop which creates a cold and creepy diagesis, or it could just be he was raised in Philadelphia, either way it works. We also feel as though we are witnessing the events from Malcolms point of view, even though there are only a couple of shots from his angle. This could be because when we are not seeing what he is seeing, we are viewing his reaction to everything. Something I find very important to the story of any film, forming a certain type of bond with the character. Syd Field shares the importance of this in his book, Screenplay: The foundations of screen writing, When you think about it, underneath this skin of ours were really the same, you and I; certain things unite us. We share the same needs, the same wants, the same fears and insecurities; we want to be loved, have people like us, be successful, happy, and healthy. (Syd Field, pg 63). M.Night.Shyalaman establishes most of these things that unite us, in this five minute clip as such things a fear, stress, anger, disappointment and abandonment enter the script, we instantly gain a rapport with the main character. This is something I find with Shyalaman films, his style is not just the plot twist like he creates in this clip, but he subtly creates this bond between the protagonists of his films and the viewer, although having said that, the genius or salient technique of this film clip would have to be the way Shyalaman uses his narrative writing skills to disguise the twist throughout the film, Jennifer Van Stilj explains the comparison of Shyalamans genius with that of Sigmund Freud, Shyamalans script is a masterful dance between Freuds concepts of the conscious, that information the audience is aware of knowing; and the unconscious, that information it is unaware it knows. It is Shyamalans use of the unconsciousness, specifically that part that Freud termed the preconscious, which produces the psychological roller coaster ride we experience. (Van Stilj, Jennifer. www.writersstore.com). Such acclaim for Shyalamans clever use of narrative is quite widespread with many critics sharing this opinion, so much so, Shyalaman has now made his reputation in his field and created a narrative expectation for his audience that he did not have before. The most important role that narrative plays in this film and especially in this five minute clip is the creation of almost a second story line running along side the one we are viewing, Erlend Lavik puts it, We come to realize the presence of another fabula running parallel to the first one but beneath it, hidden from view. Once we become aware of it, though, everything in the syuzhet takes on new meaning. We are instantly compelled to return to the outset of the story and, based on our remembrance of the account given, try to follow the correct fabula this time, the one that was invisible to us at first, even though it was present all along. (Lavik,Erlend.p55-64). Therefore the importance of the this narrative technique makes the whole film what it is, without it we would have a simple yet entertaining supernatural thriller that would have otherwise caused less of a fanfare with critics. The web is full of reviews, blogs and even forums dedicated to this single, clever piece of nar rative writing that leaves us thinking and even scrutinising any possible flaw or opinion of the film, Shyalaman himself quotes, I think that even with The Sixth Sense from that first weekend, the films are not seen the way they are. They are seen through some aberration, some wavy glass. I can just hope that the glass gets clearer over time. (M.NIght.Shyalaman, TimesOnline). So as important as we may feel the narrative is in this or any film, the definitive thing is how we interpret what the creators have given us, what we feel was important may not of been the intention, instead we each have our own criteria of importance for what makes the film work.

Myrdal On Wall Street :: Roger and Me Economics Essays

Myrdal On Wall Street Myrdal’s economic theory of circular and cumulative causation is depicted in the film Roger and Me. In Flint, Michigan, General Motors closes eleven factories, which causes over thirty thousand people to become unemployed. The company claims that they need to close the factories to â€Å"stay competitive.† The viewer sees the truth; they are greedy and will make money wherever they can, regardless of the people they may harm. Labor is much less expensive in Mexico, where GM only has to pay the workers $0.70 an hour. As a result, General Motors begins to close plants in Flint and move them to Mexico. Some people leave Flint to find work elsewhere and some remain, struggling to find new forms of employment. As more and more workers lose their jobs, poverty in Flint becomes more severe. Increasingly people are evicted from their homes, become ill, the violent crime rate in Flint becomes the highest in the country, and the general standard of living plummets for the poor. M ichael Moore describes their living conditions, â€Å"The rat population has now surpassed the human population.† Their environment worsens to the point where Money Magazine declares Flint the worst place to live in the country. The poor citizens in Flint live Myrdal’s circular and cumulative causation theory. In addition, the rich population of Flint prospers during this time of great poverty. The wealthy community of Flint spends their time at the ballet, golfing and relaxing at Grosse Point. When the jail becomes too full and another one is built there is a large party in which couples pay one hundred dollars to stay over night in one of the new cells. They didn’t seem to mind â€Å"celebrating American tragedy,† as Moore had said in another instance. At the end of the documentary, Michael Moore says, â€Å"The rich were richer, the poor, poorer and the people everywhere had a lot less lint thanks to the lint rollers in my town. It truly was a dawn of a new era.† Myrdal’s theory is also highlighted in the films, Wall Street and The Boiler Room. By not hiring women and creating a male dominated environment, the men progressively gain power, just like the rich getting richer in Roger and Me. The women do not have the same opportunities to earn money and power. Several factors contribute the portrayal of Mrydal’s theory of circular and cumulative causation.

Critical Thinking Over Other Academic Skills Education Essay

This essay will reason why critical thought is the most successful accomplishment used for survey in the university.In the university assorted accomplishments are needed to be embraced by one to accomplish uttermost booming out of one ‘s academic calling, but one accomplishment stands apart and poses distinguishable characteristics that set the foundation for other accomplishments to construct positively in 1s larning procedure. This accomplishment is referred to as critical thought and brings us to the inquiry what is critical thought? Critical thought has been defined by many bookmans over recent times. Harmonizing to Michael scriven ( 1997 ) provinces, † critical thought is skilled and active reading and rating of observations and communications, information and debates † . He observed that critical thought involved thorough probe of thoughts and theories, prosecuting in statements and organizing equal decisions on each topic affair presented before him or her. Another writer John Dowey ( 1990 ) defined critical thought as † an active, relentless, and careful consideration of a belief or supposed signifier of cognition in the visible radiations of the land which support it and farther decisions to which its terminals † ( p.9 ) and besides saw critical thought as a procedure of brooding thought. He was of the sentiment that critical thought was an active procedure which implied you thinks things through yourself, raise inquiries and happen out information yourself instead than larning in a mostly inactive manner. The procedure of critical thought enables one non to take anything for face value but merely delve profoundly into it understanding it and organizing your ain beliefs and theories.it is non merely what the author presents to you but how and why did he get to those theories.it besides involves metacognition. During critical believing one has to determine the standards of credibleness, entree statements and must be prone to logical false beliefs. The activity of critical thought in big portion aims to expose this aims and public facet of the statement. Therefore when Socrates responds to Protagoras he is implicitly subjecting his adversary ‘s claim to one litmus trial of cogent statement: rationality. In fact, Protagoras claim fails this trial. It ‘s paradoxical. Critical thought involves logical logical thinking and all other academic accomplishments are besides of import for survey in the university. Academic accomplishments such reading accomplishments, composing accomplishments, listening accomplishments, talk accomplishments, being an independent scholar, exam readying accomplishments are all sets of accomplishments that if a pupil exhaustively abides by its rules is on his manner to an un stoping success throughout his staying at the university. Reading accomplishments at the university throws more accent on academic reading instead than leisure reading.it exposes one to assorted accomplishments such as skimming, scanning, elaborate reading accomplishments so that when one is reading academically he should be able to pick out information rapidly and be more efficient while reading.it besides enlightens one to the additions of active and critical reading and the hazards and storms of inactive reading.it besides educates one to reading critically and reflecting back to your reading. Writing accomplishments at the university besides throws more prominence to academic writing.it exposes one assorted composing techniques such as punctuation, presentation of Hagiographas, standardisation and agreements of Hagiographas so that written work could run into up to criterions and outlooks and besides expose pupils to try Hagiographas, missive Hagiographas and journal Hagiographas so that approaching alumnuss would be able to run into up to challenges in assorted organisations and every sector of the economic system. Lecture skills provides pupils at the university the assorted techniques used for acquiring the really best after talk has been conducted.it makes accent on seminal before categories, reading before categories, taking notes in category all spur a pupil to achieve and accomplish every bit much as he can in each talk. Exam readying accomplishments, provides talk on the assorted accomplishments to be used by university pupils so that they can come out top of their game at any test taken topographic point non merely I the university but besides external scrutinies. Independent larning accomplishments provides pupils with the assorted abilities of pull offing the learning.it educates pupils on the direction of clip puting disputing but come-at-able ends, being motivated to larn and besides changeless contemplation on your acquisition procedure. Notwithstanding the assorted relevancy of the assorted academic accomplishments, experience as shown infinite figure of times that critical thought forms the footing of process for other academic accomplishments to run. All other academic accomplishments depend on critical believing one manner or another. As described earlier despite the assorted impact of reading accomplishments to a university under alumnus faculty members calling which enables him to absorb and pick out relevant information from a text, much accent is being made on critical reading which involves high application of the rules on critical thought which enables the reader to understand the transition exhaustively without merely achieving the inactive significance of the author. Besides in composing accomplishments besides relates to critical thought. Many believe † critical thought is a stipulation for composing a good essay †this has farther being analyzed and explained that during composing an essay, m issive or a journal one demand to read and believe critically of the significance of the essay inquiry, understand what the tester wants from the author before composing the essay. Critical thought besides relates to exam readying accomplishments and independent larning accomplishments in the same mode as authorship and reading accomplishments. It helps a pupil to believe anxiously about the exam inquiries and supply suited replies for each inquiry. Independent larning accomplishments besides makes mention to critical thought in the line of doing determinations, puting come-at-able ends and brooding acquisition. Other academic accomplishment have comparative importance to a pupil in the university as they have contributed efficaciously to him or hers academic calling has explained above but critical thought has proven to be the most successful accomplishment for a pupil to stand out at the university due to the undermentioned grounds First and foremost the province of instruction in the university varies with the degree of doctrine and appraisal of the pupils. The current theoretical account suggests pupils who can practise a series of memorized facts will remember those facts one time the trial is complete and will hold learned what is supposed to hold learned. Critical thought gives pupils the capableness to understand, assimilate and digest cognition of whatever is being taught during talk and categories besides while reading academically acquire the most out of every point assimilated. Second, Critical thought accomplishments encourages pupils in the university to believe for themselves, cultivate hypothesis, interrogate bing hypothesis and besides put this hypothesis to prove against already known facts facts. Third, critical thought will help university pupils differentiate statements based on steadfastly grounded cogent evidence from those that float along on misconception or desirous dreams. Although other academic accomplishments depend on mental adulthood and instruction, even immature kids have the basic capacity to believe critically, although they may non acquire much recognition for it. We one time know about a 4th grader who when told antediluvian Greece was the †cradle of democracy † replied, †but what about adult females who were disenfranchised? Was Greece a democracy for them? That surely critical thought and one can get down to develop accurate points about Grecian civilisations. Many university pupils have been able to organize acquire right replies but can non organize rational statement for it or see through equivocal advertizements that play on their emotions. They may non cognize how to entree a political proposals or campaigner or come up with fruitful solutions to their jobs but critical thought enables one to do rational and equal determinations at the right clip. Fourthly, critical thought is non inessential in ordinary life, but besides cardinal to all scientific discipline and is peculiarly relevant in section of psychological science in the university. For one thing, the field itself includes the survey of concluding, job resolution, creativeness, and other facets of critical idea. It besides involves the survey of hindrances to clear thought such as human leaning for justification, self-deceit, and misperception. Many scientists need to bring forth many viing findings on hot subjects of personal and societal relevancy, such as dependence, memory, sexual orientation and function of genetic sciences in behaviour ; people need to critical thought helps pupils to measure these findings and their possible deductions. In decision Critical thought can non supply replies to all inquiries in the university and other life predicaments. Furthermore critical thought is a procedure, non a once-and -for -all achievements. No 1 of all time becomes a perfect critical mind wholly non affected by some sorts of emotions. We are less unfastened minded to believe we can jab in another adult male ‘s statement than to critically analyze our ain places. Harmonizing to philosopher Paul Richards ( 1984 ) points out, critical thought is truly †fair-mindedness brought into the bosom of mundane life †

Essay Nursing Ethic

In these situations I feel it is my duty to try to reach out to each patient from where they are coming room. If I have a patient who does not speak English utilize a trained interpreter or our Curaà §ao phone to help communicate with my patient. Sometimes this can be time consuming and put us behind schedule. We only have one interpreter and she is eve busy so sometimes we have to wait quite awhile for her to be available. This can put our providers behind schedule.It is very tempting in these situations to allow an employee who is not a trained interpreter but speaks the same language, or a family member to interpret. However, this does not follow clinic protocol and therefore is unethical. I work n an internal medicine clinic and most of our patients have multiple health issues. It would be very unfortunate if we missed a subtle but important change in the patient's health history because we didn't wait for the trained medical interpreter.The ethical dilemma in this situation is whether I should wait for the appropriate interpreter and potentially run the risk of frustrating sick patients who have to wait a long time to see their backed up provider, frustrate staff members who may not get a full lunch break or have to stay late because or utilize an inappropriate interpreter and take the chance of going something important in the translation. In my opinion, everyone deserves the best possible medical care regardless of where they are from or what language they speak. Legalize that morals are a very personal thing and that my morals may be different from the people I am caring for. I cannot let this change the way treat my patients. Sometimes this can be very difficult. When I worked in the operating room We had many traumas involving gang members who had been shot while committing a crime. We still had to work just as hard to save these people as we would anyone else. We used a lot of resources and did what we could to save them. I always found it startling how the staff members in the OR would talk about these people as we worked on them.I get that they are criminals but they are also human beings. Are job was to keep them alive, not judge them. This said, I had a situation that really caught me off guard and made it very difficult for my to be kind to this patient. I grew up in a predominantly Jewish neighborhood in a suburb of Chicago in the ass's. Almost everyone I knew had a family member who was a concentration camp sun,'ivory. It was an everyday occurrence to see an older person with the dreaded â€Å"tattoo† on their forearms. While interviewing my patient before going back to the OR we were talking and everything was fine.It wasn't until had to check her leg to make sure the surgery site was marked that I noticed she had a portrait tattoo of Doll Hitler. I was astounded. She had seemed perfectly polite and appropriate. Suddenly I could hardly look at her. I'm sure my voice became very short and clipped. Once we got her to sleep I couldn't stop talking (to anybody who would listen) about how appalled I was with her tattoo and her probable belief system. It wasn't until much later that I realized that I really let my own feelings interfere with the best possible treatment of my patient.The ethical dilemma in this situation is, should we treat unkind people the way we treat we would want to be treated. I feel very strongly about respecting others cultural beliefs, even when it comes to health choices made that may not think are the best thing for the patient. The only time I really struggle with this is when the men in a family want to make health decisions for the women. My personal opinion is â€Å"if it's not your body, stay out of it†. However, unless the woman is being physically abused, it's none of my business.All I can do is give them the best possible information regarding their health, educate them in a culturally sensitive manner and offer them appropriate resources; the rest is up to them. Some days it can be very had to take others morals, values and ethics into consideration. I really try' to remember to treat others the way they want to be treated and not necessarily the way want to be treated. For someone as opinionated as me, this can be a struggle. Everyday is a new chance to do the best I can for my patients and I feel blessed to have the opportunity to do so.

Atkins Diet’s long term effects. Does it cause stroke or heart disease Essay Example

Atkins Diet’s long term effects. Does it cause stroke or heart disease Essay Example Atkins Diet’s long term effects. Does it cause stroke or heart disease Paper Atkins Diet’s long term effects. Does it cause stroke or heart disease Paper has high content of fat, cholesterol and purines. It   casuses hyperlipidemia and ketosis which are notorious   health risks. Also hypercholesterolemia is to be found   in most   of the takers of this   diet.   Hypercholesterolemia develops rapidly even in children under this ketonic diet.. There was a Sippy diet with high fat content for peptic ulcer treatment   found to be responsible for increased incidence of coronary heart disease. Hence the above known facts of similar diets of early period seem to suggest potentially hazardous risks of Atkins diet and controlled study should be performed to rule out such risks but the study itself would be problematic because of feared risks. Study of Davies ( 1994) says that Atkins diet is rich in high protein and fat but low in carbohydrate. As the diet free of carobohydrate, fat is mobilized resulting in ketogenisis in the body. After one week of Atkins diet, carbohydrate is introduced gradually and urine is tested for ketones and to ascertain the level of   carbohydrate. This level is known as CCL (critical carbohydrate level). Ketones will not be more than this CCL. â€Å"CCL is an indicator for each individual of the amount of carbohydrates that can be consumed while allowing the person to lose weight†. (Atkins R.C. 1974). Davies concludes, yet â€Å"there is. some doubt about the safety of this diet and it should only be followed under medical supervision† (Dickerson J. W.T. and Booth E.M. 1985) Wood RJ, Volek JS, Davis SR, Dell’ova, Fernandez ML in their paper very relevant to this paper   concede that carbohydrate restricted diets (CRD) have   weight loss properties and also improvement in traditional markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet emerging CVD risk factors could not be ignored.. (Nutr Metab (Lond) 2006,May 4). Fraser J.F, Long Den P (2003 Sept 5) have found Atkins is likely to cause acute porphyrias, a condition enzymes deficiency. The Atkins diet is supposedly lacking in enzymes, which are   essential for haem biosyntheis, their conclusion supports their fear of possible triggering of ICU admissions because of   potential conditions for developing Porphyrias. â€Å"A case of relapse of panic and anxiety symptoms, after initiation of High protein, a very low carbohydrate diet† (Ehrenreich April 2006). This report is about a woman with   anxiety disorder history.   Though her panic-disorder was under control, she developed relapse of those panic symptoms after she started on Atkins diet.,apparently because of the low-carbo hydrate content.   Her medical history showed that she had relapse of the panic disorder symptoms on starting on Atkins diet and receding of those condition on withdrawl of the diet.   The report adds that it will be prudent to enquire about dieting style and changes of patients admitted for panic disorder.   An estimated   25 millions of Americans were on Atkins diet and one third of Ameican adult population kept   off too much of carbohydrates in their diet.(Gloede W: Dec 2003) In the treatment of intractable pediatric epilepsy, Atkins diet was tested for its effectiveness as a modified diet and if it would promote ketosis with liberal dose of calories. The plan was to judge the modified Atkins diet would be efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment. The study conluded â€Å"A modified Atkins diet is an effective and well-tolerated therapy for intractable pediatric epilepsy.† .( Kossoff EH et al 2006 Feb). Astrup et al (Lancet 2004 Sept) in their report titled â€Å"Atkins and other low carbohydrate diets: hoax or an effective tool for weight loss?† agree that the Atkins diet book which has been sold in 45 million copies in the last more than 30 years that its   effectiveness in reducing body weight in spite of self directed consumption of   fatty substances with reduction of carbohydrate alone to less than 30 grams per day is paradoxical but it may be due to literally absent carbohydrate causing depletion of glucose stock, excretion of bound water. And that the ketogenisis suppresses appetite with the highproetin, which not only satiates but also, is instantly decreasing food consumption.   However the study insists on a long-term study to observe fluctuations in   nutritional status and body composition while under   the low-carbohydrate diet, â€Å"and to assess fasting and postprandial cardiovascular risk factors and adverse effects. Without that information, low- carbohydrate diets cannot be recommended.† (Astrup et al 2004) While commenting that about 66% of adults in America has BMI25, 30% 30, 8% are diabetic and 24% are having metabolism disorders, Gou GT (2004) says he has compared several diet plans prevailing in the country. In his conclusions on review of books and scientific reports on diets available for weight reduction and reduction of heart disease risk.,   he agrees that Atkins diet results in weight loss with some degree of risk and that it is not useful in the long run. But it seems to stand out amongst other diets studied by him.   According to him ‘Ultra low fat ones have no tolerence, NCEP Step I is not effective, NCEP Step II Diet, low fat with Mediterranean features is effective, Common Sense Diet with restriction in calories and carbohydrates (no comment on end result), South Beach Diet as carbohydrate restricted ( no comments on end result) and Mediterranean Diet heart protective with increased longevity ( no comment on weight loss).However no diet is effective without physical exercises. Bravata et al(2003) on â€Å"Efficacy and Safety of low-carbohydrate Diets†( A systemic Review) have concluded that because of lack of evidence, they are unable   to make recommendations for or against the use of low-carbohydrate diets for use longer than 90 days or for diets of 20g/d or less of carbohydrates for people   older than 50 took part in the   study. It has been observed by them that weight reduction in participants by use of low carbohydrate diet is well established by low caloric consumption in long duration.   . Even after 30 years of Atkins type of diet, the above recent researchers still say and claim that in spite of plenty of literature their study is the first one based on synthesis of evidence collected and published. They add that their findings declare that there is no harmony among the information from medical literature to guide dietary choices. They urge immediate   studies   that will enquire into the long-term results and effects  Ã‚   of low carbohydrate diets among all the age groups   both   with and without diabetes, hyperkalemia. Kossoff Eric H proposes that if a modified Atkins diet is developed, it will greatly replace use of drugs like Phenytoin and anti-convulsants for intractable child hood epilepsy. because a   modified Atkins diet holds assurance   as an effective   therapy for both children and adults with intractable epilepsy depending on the traditional ketogenic diet.. Though this treatment has many benefits, without the active role of neurologists and dieticians, its use can only be restricted. Three studies are nearing completion at  Ã‚   Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, MD, USA), while future trial plans are also underway.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chen et al ( Lancet . 2006) in their paper titled â€Å" A life-threatening complication of Atkins diet†Ã‚   have concluded that Atkins diet which is a low carbohydrate diet will result in ketonic production as rightly suggested by Atkins to monitor the level of ketonuria. in their book.   Ketoacidosis occurs during t he treatment of refractory child hood epilepsy.   Stress due to Atkins dietary therapy will aggravate starvation-induced metabolic acidosis. However they have not come across any report on such life threatening metabolic acidosis in healthy people on Atkins diet. Their patient’s condition which prompted this study might have been due to glycogen bound water depletion and vomiting caused due to dehydration.   Generally this type of dehydration leads to metabolic alkalosis without renal failure. The patient infact   had been on Atkins diet which must have caused ketosis and her development of ketoacidosis took place when   her oral intake was reduced on pancreatitis or gastroenteritis. They have to say that this type of disorders are likely to become widely prevalent as the Atkins diet is becoming popular allover the world.   B.Frank and C.Walter ( JAMA 2002) on â€Å"optimal diets for prevention of Coronary Heart Disease† say that they have concluded on three dietary strategies as effective from the strong results coming from their metabolic studies, epediomologic investigations and clinical trials. The three dietary plans suggested by them to tackle CDH (coronary heart disease) are 1) to replace saturated and trans-fats by unsaturated fats, 2) to enhance consumption of Omega –3 fatty acids derived from fish oils and plant sources and 3) promote consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts and whole grains. A randomized trial by Dansigner et al compares the diet plans Atkins, Omish, Weight watchers and Zone diets   and in their assessment for effectiveness in weight reduction and heart disease, they have found that all the popular diets did reduce body weight and also reduce cardiac risk factors for only one year duration. Generally dietary adherence are aborted in the middle of the therapy though accelerated compliance resulted in enhanced weight reduction and mitigation of cardiac risks.(Jama 2005. 293.43-53) None of these studies have involved long term research without which the objective of this paper is difficult to achieve except on theoretical considerations and certain premises. Rather no such adverse conditions have surfaced to prompt   long-term studies. It is not as simple as that unless volunteers come forward to subject themselves for the study. This goes to show,   the studies so far conducted suggest they are either prompted by advocates of pro-conventional diet promoters, pro-vegetarian groups or those who are really concerned among the medical fraternity without the support of long-term study participants. This also leads us to wonder if Atkins Dieters are going through or able to sustain a long term therapy for their life time without which data for the long-term side-effects are difficult to obtain. That the Atkins Diet has sold in so many million copies does not mean as many people are following the diet or Atkins Diet’s efficacy cannot be measured in terms o f sales. The obesity problem in U.S. or in any parts of the world are still in   pandemic proportions which go to prove the Atkins diet has not been effective in tackling the problem in spite of its existence for more than there decades. Conversely it should be that Atkins Diet has not been able to prevail over the obese person to follow the plan in spite of its promising features as it happens to so many good   virtues which are not necessarily followed. All these, for want of long term data for conclusion for long-term results. CONCLUSION It is the claim of the Atkins that the plan does cause weight loss when one cuts down on carbohydrates as explained above in the introduction. Besides, body weight is regulated and results in better health with a feeling of well-being to those on Atkins diet as they are forced to chose nutritional food. Diabetes is also kept at bay as intake of carbohydrate is controlled and insulin production also regulated. The   literature review seen above makes an impressive record of medical field’s observations which however is divided in opinion tilting against the diet. Aim of this paper is to arrive at   a conclusion whether Atkins Diet causes heart disease or stroke in the long run. The studies seen above suggest that Atkins diet can lead to various side effects like kidney dysfunction besides possibility of complications such as ketosis, dehydration, loss of enzymes, panic disorders, etc.   It seems to really help in the treatment of intractable epilepsy. Overweight individuals with medical problems such as heart disease, hypertension, kidney disease, and diabetes are more prone to unexpected complications than   overweight people with no health problems.   But in a weight loss plan, Atkins diet screens such potentially risky people and therefore fears are misplaced including heart diseases with which we are immediately concerned. That this diet plan was introduced 33 years ag o and it is still popular with some setbacks on the financials due to the demise of its inventor, itself is a testimony that Atkins Diet has not caused widespread heart disease epidemiology. Though there are genuine concerns about its long term sides effect to heart’s health, no scientific evidence has been established so far to disown Atkins Diet for any potential risks to the   heart. The U.S   news World Report   has reported on 6/2/2003 that obese persons did report weight loss without side effects. The blood cholesterol level also did not shoot up. It is important to note that bad cholesterol level increased a little but with corresponding increase in the good cholesterol level and triglycerides. Specifically, the diet did not cause the expected deterioration in blood cholesterol levels. (Healy).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A report in Grocer (March 2004) states that more than 3 million Britons and 30 million Americans are on Atkins Diet which only shows that there can be no long term effect on heart in the absence of scientific evidence of healthy individuals developing heart attacks after taking on to Atkins Diet, though the report is skeptical of the Diet as an unethical plan exploiting the consumers (John)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another report shows that due to restrictions on carbohydrate consumption, phytochemicals that go with it and that are responsible for preventing   heart disease, cancer, and other disorders, are also restricted and hence this aggravates   possibility of   contracting the said ailments.   It however   reconfirms that no adverse reports   have come in so far, for over intake of fat containing substances. ( Alan 2003) Although we have come across an instance of a 53 year old man Gorran forced on heart surgery allegedly due to the problems ( cholestrol increased from 146 to 230) caused by the Atkins intake,   who claimed $15,000 from Atkins in a law suit does not appear to have succeeded as Atkins has fought back saying â€Å"Atkins   stands by the science that has repeatedly reaffirmed the safety of the diet. The company believes that Gorran had been helped by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, which promotes a vegan diet banning meat, fish, dairy and egg products and had questioned the Atkins diets approach to health in the past.†(Snack food Wholesale bakery) After the death of Dr Atkins, it has come to light that Atkins Diet has not been a product of speculation but a due to the stimulus he received from the series of study of Dr H.J.Roberts, M.D. FACP, FCCP from 1962 to 1967 at Palm Beach Institute for Medical Research, FL, which Dr Atkins admittted to Dr Roberts , as disclosed in his requiem honouring Dr Atkins.   Of particular interest to Dr Atkins was Dr Roberts’ researches relating to his findings   of carbohydrate vis-a-vis weight gain. In fact Dr Robert’s recommendations from the research finding was to   add fat and protein in the diet for management of obese patients while trying to reduce carbohydrate. Like in court findings, when the jury decides in the absence of conclusive evidence, resorts to circumstantial evidence, we are forced to take a view that Atkins Diet has not caused heart disease or stroke in the long run as during the last 33 years of its use there has been no report of heart attack or stroke if one had followed strictly the screening procedures of Dr Atkins Diet plan. Most of the adverse reports that have come in must have been either due to use of Atkins Diet by potentially–at-risk persons or stage managed by vested commercial interests. However we are not going to be complacent over the issue though on going research on Dr Atkins Diet plan may one day finally conclude in its favor. References Alan R Gaby, 8/1/2003 Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients Astrup A, Meinert Larsen T, Harper A, Lancet. 2004 Sep 4-10;364(9437):897-9. Review.   PMID: 15351198 [PubMed indexed for MEDLINE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Atkins, R.C., Dr Atkins’ Diet Revolution, Bantam Books, New York, NY, 1974. Bravata M.Dena et al, JAMA, April 9, 2003 Davies Jill (1974) Nutrition and Food Science, no 5 September October 1994 Dansinger et al, Jama, 2005: Vol 293: 43-53. Dickerson, J.W.T. and Booth, E.M., Clinical Nutrition for Nurses, Dietitians and Other Ehrenreich Mark J, M.D., Dept. of Psychiatry Univ. of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD Psychosomatics 47:178-179, April 2006 doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.47.2.178  © 2006 Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine Forster H, Fortschr Med. 1978 Sep 14; 96(34): 1697-702 Fraser JF, Long Den P Crit Care Resusc. 2003 Sep;5(3):193-7.   PMID: 16573483 [PubMed]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gloede W: Diet, Inc. Am Demogr 2003; Dec:32-34   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gou GT (2004) Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2004; 13(suppl):S4 Healy, Berandine P. 6/2/2003 U.S. News World Report John white, March 13, 2004 , Grocer   www.highbeam.com accessed on 26 May 2006 Klein Allison, How the diet plan works, howstuffworks.com/atkins.htmaccessed on 25 May 2006   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kossoff EH, McGrogan JR, Bluml RM, Pillas DJ, Rubenstein JE, Vining EP., : Epilepsia. 2006 Feb;47(2):421-4. . John M Freeman Pediatric epilepsy Center and John Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, on â€Å"use of a Modified Atkins Diet for epilepsy†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Snack Food Wholesale   Bakery   May 1,   2004 Wood RJ, Volek JS, Davis SR, Dell’ova C, Fernandez ML 2006 May 4, Nutr Metab(Lond)

World View Essays

World View Essays World View Essay World View Essay Even without resorting to radical concepts such as solipsism: a philosophical theory which suggests that an individuals experience is made up only of their subjective experiences and subjective perception of the world and that objective reality cant actually be known, it is fairly easy to make a convincing case that boredom is a state which mirrors the inner-world, rather than the outer world, of the person who is bored. Most of us have experienced the seemingly contradictory feelings of being at a place of excitement: a concert, a movie, a party, or even a sporting event perhaps even one which we had looked forward to attending, and, instead of finding excitement and fun, we discovered boredom and disinterest in participating in the very event we had been looking forward to attending.On the other hand, history records examples of tragically isolated and/or lonely individuals who experienced very little outside stimulation and yet were able to not only expres s an attitude of deep energy and involvement with the world, but they were able to influence the world as well. Names that spring to mind are poet Emily Dickinson, chess champion Bobby Fischer, physicist Stephen Hawking and many, many others. The fact remains that ones inner-world is both projected upon and influenced by the outer-world. So if an individual is bored during what should be a momentous or even dramatic event, the emotion and feelings of boredom obviously have an internal source, one which may well be more potent than any kind of deprivation of outer stimulation.I agree with the statement that People get bored because they are not thinking   and I think I can even use the topic of this paper, itself, as an an example of how intellectual stimulation staves off boredom. Shortly after receiving this assignment, I found myself stuck in a line at the store where I had to wait for approximately ten to fifteen minutes to check-out. Normally, I would consider myself very bore d during this kind of wait, but I was thinking about the topic of this paper and whether or not I believed boredom came from within or from without and the experience of thinking about the issue caused time to pass so fast, I hardly noticed my wait in line.   After that experience I am convinced that mental and intellectual stimulation: the use of the human imagination (or lack of its use) are the primary influences as to whether or not a person will suffer from boredom.